🇮🇳 India's Nuclear Strategy
Here is a timeline of key announcements and developments in India's National Nuclear Strategy over the past 50 years:
1. 2024: 25 Years After Pokhran-II
In 2024, India marked 25 years since its second round of nuclear tests in 1998, known as Pokhran-II. Over this time, India has expanded its nuclear capabilities with advancements such as the Agni-V missile and the S-4 ballistic missile submarine, which are integral components of India's nuclear triad. The doctrine remains focused on No First Use (NFU) and credible minimum deterrence, but there are debates over whether adjustments should be made in light of regional threats from China and Pakistan.
- More on India’s Nuclear Doctrine【81†source】.
2. 2003: Official Nuclear Doctrine
India formalized its nuclear doctrine in 2003, building on the draft released in 1999. The doctrine is centered on NFU, meaning India would only use nuclear weapons in retaliation against a nuclear strike. It also emphasized credible minimum deterrence, ensuring enough weapons to deter aggression without engaging in an arms race. This doctrine includes provisions for massive retaliation to any nuclear attack, reinforcing India's deterrence strategy.
- Further details on the 2003 Nuclear Doctrine【80†source】【81†source】.
3. 1999: Draft Nuclear Doctrine
Following the 1998 nuclear tests, India released a draft nuclear doctrine in 1999 through its National Security Advisory Board. This draft laid the foundation for India's NFU policy and the concept of maintaining a nuclear arsenal for deterrence purposes only. It also introduced the idea of a nuclear triad, capable of delivering nuclear weapons by land, air, and sea.
- More on the 1999 Draft Doctrine【81†source】.
4. 1998: Pokhran-II Nuclear Tests
On May 11 and 13, 1998, India conducted a series of five nuclear tests at the Pokhran Test Range, declaring itself a nuclear weapons state. This was a defining moment in India's nuclear strategy, signaling its intent to develop a credible nuclear deterrent. The tests led to international sanctions but also to India's eventual recognition as a nuclear power.
- Learn more about the Pokhran-II Tests【80†source】.
5. 1974: Pokhran-I Test (Smiling Buddha)
India's first successful nuclear test took place on May 18, 1974, under the code name "Smiling Buddha." Although it was described as a "peaceful nuclear explosion," it demonstrated India's nuclear capabilities and spurred the formation of the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) to prevent the spread of nuclear technology. This test laid the groundwork for India's nuclear weapons program.
- Overview of the 1974 Test【80†source】【81†source】.
India’s nuclear strategy has consistently focused on deterrence through credible minimum force, NFU, and a commitment to responsible nuclear stewardship. However, as regional dynamics evolve, particularly with the growing capabilities of China and Pakistan, debates about the possible revision of this doctrine continue.
